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In aceasta etapa, fatul masoara de obicei intre 3,1 cm si 4,8 cm si cantareste aproximativ 4 g.
Organele vitale ale acestuia incep sa functioneze, iar capul bebelusului devine mai rotund, trasaturile faciale devenin mai definite si are loc dezvoltarea mugurilor dentari si separarea degetelor de la maini si de la picioare.
Inima este complet formata si bate cu aproximativ 180 de batai pe minut. Bebelusul face miscari mici, sacadate, care pot fi observate la ecografie.
Pana la 10 saptamani, bebelusul incepe sa-si atinga fata. Poate misca fiecare brat si picior independent, folosind aceste miscari pentru a-si schimba pozitia in uter. Mai tarziu, aceste miscari il vor ajuta sa se aseze cu capul in jos, pregatind pozitia pentru nastere.
Receptorii nervosi din piele detecteaza atingerea usoara. Pleoapele si palmele raspund la o mangaiere usoara. Daca ii sunt atinse nasul sau fruntea, acesta reactioneaza intorcandu-se cu fata catre stimul. Aceste reflexe timpurii vor indeplini rolul de a ghida bebelusul spre sanul mamei dupa nastere.
La 10 saptamani de sarcina, creierul este inca extrem de mare si reprezinta aproximativ 43% din greutatea totala a bebelusului. Creierul bebelusului este inca in mare parte neted, dar inca de la 10 saptamani, incepe fenomenul de incretire. Protuberantele creierului acestuia vor incepe sa se dezvolte in saptamanile ulterioare. In plus, in aceasta saptamana incepe sa se formeze cerebelul, care va coordona miscarea.
Ochiul uman incepe sa se formeze foarte devreme, la 22 de zile dupa conceptie. Pe creier se formeaza santuri minuscule, care se maresc si apoi se pliaza, creand forma de baza a ochiului. O parte a acestei structuri devine retina sensibila la lumina, care transforma energia luminoasa in semnale neuronale, in timp ce o alta parte formeaza un strat protector numit epiteliul pigmentar retinian. In acelasi timp, o portiune groasa din stratul celular exterior, numita placoda a cristalinului, se pliaza spre interior pentru a forma cristalinul, care ajuta la focalizarea luminii. Celulele din jurul ochiului creeaza corneea transparenta, partea alba numita sclerotica si vasele de sange. Conexiunea dintre ochi si creier devine ulterior nervul optic. Pana la 10 saptamani, majoritatea structurilor din ochi s-au format, dar au nevoie de timp pentru a se maturiza. Pleoapele, glandele lacrimale si muschii oculari se dezvolta, de asemenea. Pana in saptamana 10, muschii care misca ochiul incep sa se formeze, iar pleoapele se inchid fuzional timp de trei pana la patru luni. Ochiul continua sa se maturizeze, iar acuitatea vizuala continua sa se imbunatateasca in primii patru ani ai copilariei.
Pana la inceputul saptamanii gestationale 10, degetele de la maini si de la picioare se pot misca liber. Pana la 10 saptamani de sarcina, forma de baza a mainii este recogniscibila. Policele se rotesc in pozitie, articulatiile incep sa se formeze si muschii si nervii incep sa se conecteze. Din acest moment, mainile continua sa creasca, dezvoltand amprente digitale, unghii si capacitatea de a apuca si misca fiecare deget separat. Cu mult inainte de nastere, bebelusul isi poate suge degetul mare.
Pana in saptamana gestationala 10, inima a dezvoltat toate cele patru camere, valve functionale si un sistem electric functional pentru a coordona contractiile. De fapt, are aceleasi componente ale undelor electrice ca inima unui nou-nascut.
In saptamana gestationala 10, sistemul digestiv incepe sa functioneze. Stomacul si pancreasul incep sa produca hormoni digestivi precum insulina.
In plus, intestinele incep sa creeze vilozitati. Aceste mici proeminente din interiorul intestinului maresc suprafata pe care sangele poate absorbi nutrientii din fluidele din intestine.
Sacul amniotic este un sac umplut cu lichid care inconjoara si protejeaza bebelusul in curs de dezvoltare. Acest sac este format dintr-o pereche subtire, dar rezistenta, de membrane transparente, care invelesc bebelusul pana cu putin timp inainte de nastere.
Lichidul amniotic circula constant pe masura ce bebelusul se dezvolta. Acesta circula in cel putin patru moduri principale. Inainte ca pielea fetala sa se ingroase, apa si gazele din lichidul amniotic trec prin piele catre bebelus. Lichidul amniotic este absorbit de intestinele fetale pe masura ce bebelusul inghite. Aproximativ jumatate din lichidul amniotic este filtrat de rinichii fetali si se intoarce in sacul amniotic sub forma de urina, in timp ce cealalta jumatate este schimbata cu mama la nivelul placentei. Cantitati mari de apa trec prin membrana amniocorionica la nivelul placentei pentru a mentine lichidul amniotic in echilibru cu circulatia fetala.
La 10 saptamani de sarcina, in a treia luna, fata bebelusului continua sa prinda contur. Buza superioara este inca in curs de formare, pe masura ce partile stanga si dreapta se unesc. In interiorul gurii, palatul dur si cel moale se unesc, in timp ce narile si structurile care impart pasajele nazale continua sa creasca. Aceste schimbari ajuta la crearea trasaturilor fetei.
Cele mai timpurii miscari respiratorii au fost detectate la 10 saptamani de gestatie, desi respiratia devine mult mai frecventa in saptamana 13, ajutand plamanii sa creasca si sa dezvolte celule specializate. Bebelusul continua sa creasca rapid, aproximativ 1 milimetru pe zi- si pana la sfarsitul saptamanii cantareste aproximativ 2,5 grame.
Bibliografie
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Week 10, Charlotte Lozier Institute official website
Fetal weight and length chart based on WHO standards, Vinmec healthcare official website
Autor: Farmacist Marza Andreea Simona
