La 14 saptamani, fatul masoara aproximativ 8 cm de la crestet pana la solduri si cantareste in jur de 40 g.
Cresterea se concentreaza pe corp. Fire de par fine, numite lanugo, vor acoperi pielea de pe intregul corp, dar de obicei dispar inainte de nastere. Functia lanugo este de a mentine caldura corporala a fatului pana cand grasimea corporala este suficient de dezvoltata pentru prelua acest rol. De asemenea, incep sa se dezvolte sprancenele, genele si parul de pe scalp.
Rinichii sunt acum pe deplin capabili sa produca urina, care este excretata in lichidul amniotic. Meconiul este produs si in intestine. Acesta este produsul rezidual care va forma primele materii fecale dupa nastere.
Dezvoltarea placentei este acum complete, furnizand hrana si hormonii esentiali necesari pentru a sustine sarcina.
Impulsurile cerebrale sunt acum suficient de dezvoltate incat apar expresii faciale precum incruntarea si alte grimase. Palatul gurii continua, de asemenea, sa se formeze. In plus, miscarile membrelor se perfectioneaza devenind mai fluide.
Fatul isi poate misca spontan ochii. Aceste miscari oculare ajuta retina sa dezvolte diferite tipuri de celule si ajuta la conectarea zonelor vizuale si motorii ale creierului inainte de nastere.
Incepand cu aproximativ 14 saptamani, bebelusul face miscari ritmice de deschidere si inchidere a maxilarului, urmate de inghitire, acest proces demonstrand inghitirea de lichid amniotic. Aceste miscari marcheaza inceputul reflexului care il va ajuta mai tarziu sa se hraneasca.
Pana la 14 saptamani, baietii si fetele au organe genitale foarte diferite. Ecografiile efectuate la 14 saptamani prezic sexul fetal cu o precizie aproape perfecta.
La 14 saptamani, mucoasa stomacului si intestinele secreta o mare varietate de hormoni si enzime digestive. Peristaltismul (miscarile intestinale) poate debuta inca din saptamana 14 in intestinul gros al bebelusului.
In jurul saptamanii 14, ficatul incepe sa produca bila. Bila se deplaseaza in tractul digestiv prin intermediul vezicii biliare si al canalului cistic, care s-au format in saptamana gestationala 7. Bila confera fluidelor din intestine o culoare verde inchis si va face ca primele scaune ale bebelusului sa fie colorate in negru-verzui.
La 14 saptamani de sarcina, pielea are trei straturi. Amprente individuale si amprente de la picioare continua sa se formeze.
Cerebelul a inceput, de asemenea, sa se formeze. Cerebelul va controla coordonarea musculara. Acesta incepe sa capete forma sa tipica pliata in jurul varstei de 4 luni. La 14 saptamani, celulele nervoase se reproduc cu o rata de aproximativ 15 milioane pe ora.
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Week 14, The voyage of the life, Charlotte Lozier Institute official website
Autor: Farmacist Marza Andreea Simona
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